Genetically
modified plants
Soybean, (Glycine max L.) is a species of legume native to East Asia and classed as an oilseed
rather than a pulse. It is an annual plant that has been used in China for
5,000 years to primarily add nitrogen into the soil as part of crop rotation.
Fat-free (defatted) soybean meal is a primary, relatively low-cost, source of
protein for animal feeds or rations; soy vegetable oil is another valuable
product of processing the soybean. Soybean products such as TVP (textured
vegetable protein), for example, are important ingredients in many meat and
dairy analogues. Traditional nonfermented food uses of soybeans include
soymilk, and from the latter tofu and tofu skin or yuba. Fermented foods include
shoyu or soy sauce, miso, natto, tempeh, Ketjap among others. The oil is used
in many industrial applications. The main producers of soy are the United
States (32%), Brazil (28%), Argentina (21%), China (7%) and India (4%). The
beans contain significant amounts of phytic acid, alpha-Linolenic acid, and the
isoflavones genistein and daidzein. Among the legumes, the soybean, also
classed as an oilseed, is pre-eminent for its high (38-45%) protein content as
well as its high (20%) oil content. Soy protein which is essentially identical
to that of other legume seeds can produce products that are good substitutes
for animal products. In the United States, the bulk of the crop is
solvent-extracted with hexane, and the "toasted" defatted soymeal (50%
protein) can be used as animal feed. Global oilseed production for 2009/10 is
projected at 428.60 million tons, up 8.42% as compared to 395.30 million tonnes
in 2008-09.
Soybean 260-05 (G94-1, G94-19,
G168) (DD-Ø26ØØ5-3)
Soybean lines G94-1, G94-19 and G168 were developed
using biolistic transformation. The transgenic lines produce a soybean oil that
contains high levels of oleic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid. These high
oleic soybeans contain a second copy of fatty acid desaturase gene (fad2),
which is naturally present in soybeans. The fad2 gene codes for the enzyme,
delta-12 desaturase, which is involved in fatty acid synthesis. The presence of
a second copy of the fad2 gene in the transgenic soybeans G94-1, G94-19 and
G168 causes "gene silencing" of both copies of the fatty acid
desaturase. This blocks the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway and results in the
accumulation of oleic acid. As a consequence, polyunsaturated fatty acids
(linoleic acid and linolenic acid) are only produced in very small amounts.
High oleic soybean oil contains levels of oleic acid exceeding 80%, higher than
the levels found in olive oil and rapeseed oil. This oil is lower in saturated
fat, contains no trans-fatty acids, and remains in a liquid form. The high
levels of oleic acid make the oil more heat-stable for cooking and edible spray
applications.
Soybean A2704-12 (ACS-GMØØ5-3
(A2704-12, A2704-21, A5547-35)
Phosphinothricin (Glufosinate ammonium) herbicide
tolerant soybean produced by inserting a modified phosphinothricin
acetyltransferase (pat) gene from the soil bacterium Streptomyces
viridochromogenes.
Soybean A5547-127 (ACS-GMØØ6-4)
Liberty Link™ Soybean
The transgenic soybean line A5547-127 use
glufosinate ammonium, the active ingredient in phosphinothricin herbicides as a
weed control option. This genetically engineered soybean line contains the
fungal enzyme phosphinothricin-N-acetyltransferase (PAT), which allows these
plants to survive the otherwise lethal application of glufosinate. The pat gene
inserted into A5547-127 was isolated from a common soil fungus, Streptomyces
viridochromogenes, and introduced into the soybean genome by particle
acceleration (biolistic) transformation.
Soybean BPS-CV127-9 (CV 127)
Cultivance ®
Soybean CV 127 is a genetically modified soybean tolerant to herbicides of
chemical class imidazolinones. The event has gene csr1-2 that
codes for enzyme acetohydroxyacid-synthase (AHAS), which acts in the first
phase of branched chain amino acid (valine, leucine and isoleucine) synthesis
in plants and microorganisms. Inhibition of AHAS enzyme activity by
imidazolinone binding causes cell death by the inability of cells to produce
these amino acids, fundamental to synthesis of proteins and other derived amino
acids that are fundamental for other metabolic routes. The gene codes for a single
transit peptide that directs the translation product to plastids, where
synthesis of such amino acids takes place.
Soybean DP-305423 (DP-3Ø5423-1)
Transgenic soybean line modified for high oleic acid content plus herbicide
tolerance through the insertion of the soybean antisense microsomal
omega-6 desaturase gene (FAD2-1) into soybean. Transcription of the gene
fragment under the control of a seed-preferred KTi3 promoter acts to silence
the expression of the endogenous soybean omega-6 desaturase, which results in
an increased level of oleic acid and decreased levels of linoleic and linolenic
acids in the soybean seed.
Soybean DP305423 x GTS40-30-2
Soybean Line DP305423 x GTS40-3-2 is a product of traditional breeding
between the two GM lines. DP305423 contains the gene for soybean microsomal
omega-6-desaturase gene (FAD2-1) for high oleic acid content and GTS
40-3-2 contains the CP4 EPSPS coding sequence for glyphosate
tolerance.
Soybean DP356043 (DP-356Ø43-5)
Optimum GAT
DP356043 has been transformed to express two novel
genes, providing tolerance to two different classes of herbicide. The line
contains two genes; gat4601 which provides tolerance to
glyphosate by detoxifying the compound, while gm-hra encodes
for a modified acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme which is not affected by the
imidazolinone class of ALS inhibiting herbicides.
Soybean GTS 40-3-2 (40-3-2) (MON-Ø4Ø32-6)
Roundup Ready™ Soybean
Glyphosate tolerant soybean variety produced by
inserting a modified 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS)
encoding gene from the soil bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
Expression of the CP4 EPSPS gene in the plasmid used for transformation was
regulated by an enhanced 35S promoter (E35S) from cauliflower mosaic virus
(CaMV), a chloroplast transit peptide (CTP4) coding sequence fromPetunia
hybrida, and a nopaline synthase (nos 3') transcriptional termination
element from Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
Soybean GU262
(ACS-GMØØ3-1)
Glufosinate ammonium herbicide tolerant soybean
produced by inserting a modified phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT)
encoding gene (pat) from the soil bacterium Streptomyces
viridochromogenes
Soybean MON 87701 x MON 89778 (BtRR2Y)
Genuity TM Insect Protected Roundup Ready 2 Yield
MON 87701 × MON 89788 was obtained by
traditional breeding of two parental lines, one derived from MON 87701 and the
other one derived from MON 89788. MON 87701 was developed throughAgrobacterium-mediated
transformation of soybean meristem tissues using the binary transformation
plasmid PV-GMIR9. The vector PV-GMIR9 contains two T-DNAs delineated by left
and right border sequences which facilitate transformation. MON 87701 produces
the Cry1Ac insecticidal crystal (Cry) protein (endotoxin) derived fromBacillus
thuringiensis (Bt) subsp. kurstaki. The Cry1Ac
protein provides protection from feeding damage caused by targeted lepidopteran
pests, such as primary target pests velvetbean caterpillar (Anticarcia
gemmatalis), soybean looper (Pseudoplusia includens), soybean anxil
borer (Epinotia aporema), and sunflower looper (Rachiplusia nu). MON
89788 was developed through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation
of soybean tissues using the double-border, binary transformation plasmid
PV-GMGOX20. The vector PV-GMGOX20 carries a glyphosate1 tolerant 5-enolpyruvyl
shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (epsps) gene derived from Agrobacterium sp.
strain CP4 (cp4 epsps). MON 89788 produces the CP4 EPSPS protein
conferring glyphosate tolerance to the plant
Soybean MON 87705
GM Soybean MON 87705 was developed through RNA-based
suppression of two endogenous genes FATB and FAD2 encoding
enzymes normally involved in biosynthesis. As a result, oleic acid is increased
from approximately 20% to 70% of total fatty acids, with concomitant decease in
linoleic acid, strearic acid and palmitic acid in the seeds. The fatty acid
profile of MON87705 soybean oil is comparable to other commonly consumed
vegetable oils such as canola and olive oils. Tolerance to glyphosate Roundup®
family of agricultural herbicides in MON87705 soybean is conferred by the
introduction of the cp4 epsps gene from
Agrobacterium sp, strain CP4
Soybean MON87701
MON 87701 is an insect-protected soybean that produces the Cry1Ac protein
to provide protection from feeding damage caused by targeted lepidopteran
pests. The cry1Ac gene was transferred into the genome of
soybean using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The MON 87701
product concept is to reduce or replace current insecticide applications to
control lepidopteran pests in tropical and subtropical soybean production
regions (e.g., Brazil) where these insects cause significant plant damage and
yield loss. MON 87701 will offer growers in these regions an effective pest
management tool and help to maintain soybean yield potential.
Soybean MON89788 (MON-89788-1)
Roundup Ready 2 Yield™
Glyphosate tolerant soybean variety produced by
inserting a glyphosate tolerant form of the plant enzyme
5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) isolated from the common
soil bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain CP4
(CP4 EPSPS).
Soybean W62, W98 (ACS-GMØØ1-8,
ACS-GMØØ2-9)
Soybean tolerant to glufosinate ammonium herbicide
produced by inserting a modified phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT)
encoding gene (pat) from the soil bacterium Streptomyces
hygroscopicus.
Argentine Canola, (Brassica napus)
is an important oilseed crop in the United States, Canada and Europe. Canola is
a specific edible type of rapeseed, developed in the 1970s, which contains
about 40 percent oil. The term "canola" is a name registered by the
Western Canadian Oilseed Crushers Association. It is one of the two types of
Brassicas that is being grown as source of oil. Canola oil has achieved
worldwide commodity status and is used extensively in Japan, Canada and Europe.
Canola varieties must have an erucic acid content of less than 2 percent and
also have less than 30 micromoles of glucosinolates per gram of seed. Canadian
and U.S. farmers mostly grow low erucic acid and low glucosinolate varieties.
High erucic acid oil rapeseed is grown and used for industrial lubricants and
is mostly grown in Europe, although some production occurs in Canada and the
U.S. Canola varieties produce meals having about 38 percent protein. Edible
rapeseed oil or canola oil has been used in some countries for the past two
decades. Canola oil is usually blended with other vegetable oils for the
production of various solid and liquid cooking oils and salad dressings. Canola
oil is high in oleic acid relative to other vegetable oils and the amino acid
distribution is very complementary to soybean oil meal, and the two meals often
are included in the same ration. Feeding trials have shown that animals perform
better when fed a mixture of the two meals than when fed by either one alone.
In Canada, canola meals are recommended for up to 10 percent to 20 percent of
the ration for chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, pigs, dairy and beef animals.
Canola 23-18-17, 23-198
Lines 23-18-17 and 23-198 are high laurate and
myristate canola produced by inserting a thioesterase (te) encoding gene from
the California bay laurel (Umbellularia californica). The neomycin
phosphotransferase II (npt II) gene confers resistance to the antibiotic
kanamycin.
Canola GT200 (RT200) (MON-89249-2)
Roundup Ready™ Canola
Canola tolerant to the herbicide glyphosate produced
by inserting genes encoding the enzymes 5-enolypyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate
synthase (EPSPS) from the CP4 strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciensand
glyphosate oxidase (gox) from Ochrobactrum anthropi.
Canola HCN10 Liberty-Link™
Independence
HCN10 (Independence) is an open pollinated canola
line, which is tolerant to the glufosinate-ammonium (also known as
phosphinothricin), the active constituent of the proprietary herbicides Basta,
Finale, Buster, Harvest and Liberty. Glufosinate-ammonium is a non-selective
broad-spectrum herbicide which is used to control a wide range of weeds after
the crop emerges or for total vegetation
Canola MS8 (ACS-BNØØ5-8)
InVigor™ Canola Developer:
Canola with male-sterility system displaying glufosinate
herbicide tolerance. Contains the barnase gene from Bacillus
amyloliquefaciensand the bar gene encoding
phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase from Streptomyces hygroscopicus.
Also contains the neomycin phosphotransferase II (npt II) gene
conferring resistance to the antibiotic kanamycin.
Canola MS8 x RF3 (ACS-BNØØ5-8
x ACS-BNØØ3-6) InVigor™ Canola
Canola with male-sterility, fertility restoration,
pollination control system displaying glufosinate herbicide tolerance.
Canola OXY-235 (ACS-BNØ11-5)
Navigator™ Canola
Canola (variety Westar) tolerant to the oxynil
herbicides created through insertion of the bxn gene isolated from the
bacteriumKlebsiella ozaenae, encoding a nitrilase enzyme that hydrolyzes
oxynil herbicides to non-phytotoxic compounds.
Canola PGS1 (MS1(B91-4) x
RF1(B93-101)) (ACS-BNØØ4-7 x
ACS-BNØØ1-4) MS1 x RF1
Canola with male-sterility, fertility restoration,
pollination control system, and glufosinate herbicide tolerance. MS1 line
contained thebarnase gene from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (with
pTa 29 pollen specific promoter from Nicotiana tabacum). RF1 line
contained the barstar gene from the same bacteria with anther-specific promoter,
and both lines contained the bar gene encoding
phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (PAT) from Streptomyces
hygroscopicus (with PSsuAra promoter from Arabidopsis thaliana)
to confer tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate. Also includes neomycin phosphotransferase
II (npt II) gene (with nopaline synthase -nos) promoter from A.
tumefaciens) conferring resistance to the antibiotic kanamycin.
Canola PGS2 (MS1 x RF2)
(B91-4 x B94-2) (ACS-BNØØ4-7 x
ACS-BNØØ2-5)
The canola lines MS1 and RF2 were developed using genetic engineering
techniques to provide a pollination control system for the production of hybrid
oilseed rape (MS1xRF2) expressing male sterility and tolerance to glufosinate
ammonium. The novel hybridization system involves the use of two parental
lines, a male sterile line MS1 and a fertility restorer line RF2. The
transgenic MS1 plants do not produce viable pollen grains and cannot
self-pollinate. In order to completely restore fertility in the hybrid progeny,
line MS1 must be pollinated by a modified plant containing a fertility restorer
gene, such as line RF2. The resultant F1 hybrid seed, derived from the cross
between MS1 x RF2, generates hybrid plants that produce pollen and are
completely fertile.
Canola PHY14
These lines are high yielding fertile hybrids and
tolerant to the herbicide glufosinate-ammonium (also known as
phosphinothricin), which is used for the selection of the transformants.
Canola PHY35
These lines are high yielding fertile hybrids and
tolerant to the herbicide glufosinate-ammonium (also known as
phosphinothricin), which is used for the selection of the transformants
Canola PHY36
These lines are high yielding fertile hybrids and
tolerant to the herbicide glufosinate-ammonium (also known as
phosphinothricin).
Canola RF3 (ACS-BNØØ3-6)
InVigor™ Canola
Canola fertility restoration system displaying
glufosinate herbicide tolerance. Contains the barstar gene from Bacillus
amyloliquefaciens, and the bar gene encoding phosphinothricin
N-acetyltransferase (PAT) from Streptomyces hygroscopicus to
confer tolerance to the herbicide phosphinothricin (Glufosinate
ammonium).
Canola RT73 (GT73) (MON-ØØØ73-7)
Glyphosate herbicide tolerant canola (Westar variety)
produced by inserting the epsps gene encoding the enzyme
5-enolypyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) from the CP4 strain of
Agrobacterium tumefaciens and glyphosate oxidase (gox)
from Ochrobactrum anthropi.
Canola T45 (HCN28) (ACS-BNØØ8-2)
InVigor™ Canola
Glufosinate tolerant canola with insertion of the phosphinothricin
acetyltransferase (pat) gene from Streptomyces viridochromogenes,
conferring tolerance to phosphinothricin (Glufosinate ammonium)
herbicide.
Canola Topas 19/2, HCN92 (ACS-BNØØ7-1,
HCN92) Liberty-Link™ Innovator
Glyphosate herbicide tolerant canola produced by inserting the
phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (pat) gene conferring tolerance to
Phosphinothricin (Glufosinate ammonium) herbicide and neomycin
phosphotransferase II (npt II) conferring resistance to the herbicide
kanamycin.
* EU authorization ended on April 18, 2007. No application for renewal
Cotton, (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a soft,
fluffy, staple fiber that grows in a form known as a boll around the seeds of
the cotton plant, a shrub native to tropical and subtropical regions around the
world, including the Americas, India and Africa. The fiber most often is spun
into yarn or thread and used to make a soft, breathable textile, that is a most
widely used natural-fiber in clothing today. Through genetic assistance
and breeding, today’s cottons have evolved from these “wild” sources and are
more processing friendly. Currently, there are five prominent types of cotton
being grown commercially around the world: Egyptian, Sea Island, American Pima,
Asiatic and Upland. In addition to the textile industry, cotton is in
fishnets, coffee filters, tents, gunpowder (see Nitrocellulose), cotton paper,
and in bookbinding. The cottonseed which remains after the cotton is ginned is
used to produce cottonseed oil, which, after refining, can be consumed by
humans like any other vegetable oil. The cottonseed meal that is left generally
is fed to ruminant livestock. Cottonseed hulls can be added to dairy cattle
rations for roughage. The top leading producers of cotton are China, India, US,
Pakistan and Egypt. The five leading exporters of cotton are (1) the United
States, (2) India, (3) Uzbekistan, (4) Brazil, and (5) Australia. The cotton
plant is grown from seed and usually bears fruit or bolls in about 100 days
after planting. Around 45 days after, the cotton boll will begin to naturally
split open along the bolls segments or carpels and dry out, exposing the
underlying cotton segments called locks. An average boll will contain
nearly 500,000 fibers of cotton and each plant may bear up to 100 bolls.
Cotton 19-51A (DD-Ø1951A-7)
Cotton line 19-51A is tolerant to the sulfonylurea
herbicide through introduction of a variant form of acetolactate synthase (ALS)
from the chimeric gene S4-HrA. This gene was originally derived from two
different tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. xanthi) ALS genes
that both encoded herbicide sensitive versions of ALS.
Cotton 281-24-236 (DAS-24236-5)
The cotton line 281-24-236 was genetically engineered
to resist attack from Lepidopteran insect pests such as the tobacco budworm,
cotton bollworm, beet armyworm, and soybean looper. This insect resistance is
conferred by the cry1F gene, originally isolated from the
common soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) var.
aizawai. The cry1F gene produces the insect control protein
Cry1F, a delta-endotoxin, in the plant tissues. Cry proteins, of which Cry1F is
only one, act by selectively binding to specific sites localized on the lining
of the midgut of susceptible insect species. Following binding, pores are
formed that disrupt midgut ion flow, causing gut paralysis and eventual death
due to bacterial sepsis. Cry1F is insecticidal only when eaten by the larvae of
lepidopteran insects (moths and butterflies), and its specificity of action is
directly attributable to the presence of specific binding sites in the target
insects. There are no binding sites for delta-endotoxins of B.
thuringiensis on the surface of mammalian intestinal cells, therefore,
livestock animals and humans are not susceptible to these proteins. The cry1F gene
was introduced into the cotton line 'Germain's Acala GC510' by Agrobacterium-mediated
transformation.
Cotton 281-24-236 x
3006-210-23 (DAS-24236-5 x DAS-21Ø23-5) WideStrike™
insect-resistant Cotton
WideStrike™ cotton was produced by crossing two insect
resistant lines, 281-24-236 and 3006-210-23. This stacked cotton line expresses
two novel proteins from the two lines: the delta-endotoxins Cry1F and Cry1Ac,
which confer resistance to the lepidopteran pests of cotton, such as the cotton
bollworm, pink bollworm and tobacco budworm. The insecticidal proteins Cry1F
and Cry1Ac are produced by the cry1F gene and cry1Ac genes
respectively, originally isolated from the common soil bacterium Bacillus
thuringiensis.
Cotton 3006-210-23 (DAS-21Ø23-5)
The cotton line 3006-210-23 was derived by Agrobacterium-mediatedtransformation
of cotton line 'Germain's Acala GC510'. The hybrid cotton can resist attack from
lepidopteran insect pests such as the cotton bollworm, pink bollworm, tobacco
budworm, beet armyworm, and soybean looper. Insect resistance is conferred by
the cry1Ac gene, originally isolated from Bacillus
thuringiensis (Bt) var. kurstaki. Cry1Ac act by
selectively binding to specific sites on the lining of the midgut of
susceptible insect. Pores are formed that disrupt midgut ion flow, causing gut
paralysis and death due to bacterial sepsis. Cry1Ac is insecticidal only when
eaten by the larvae of lepidopteran insects. There are no binding sites for
this delta-endotoxin on the surface of mammalian intestinal cells, therefore,
livestock animals and humans are not susceptible to these proteins
Cotton 3006-210-23 x
281-24-236 x MON1445 (DAS-21Ø23-5 x
DAS-24236-5 x MON-Ø1445-2) WideStrike™ Roundup Ready™ Cotton
DAS-21Ø23-5 x DAS-24236-5 x MON-Ø1445-2
was produced by traditional crossing of WideStrike™ insect resistant cotton
(DAS-21Ø23-5 x DAS-24236-5) with the herbicide-tolerant cotton line
MON-Ø1445-2. This stacked cotton line expresses four novel proteins: the
delta-endotoxins Cry1F, Cry1Ac, CP4 EPSPS protein, and the PAT protein. The
insecticidal proteins Cry1F and Cry1Ac are produced by the cry1F gene
and cry1Ac genes respectively, both of which are from
WideStrike™. The cotton line WideStrike™ was produced by crossing line
281-24-236 with line 3006-210-23. The PAT protein in WideStrike™ is produced by
the pat gene: this expressed novel protein was intended solely for use as a
selectable marker during plant transformation. The CP4 EPSPS protein is
produced by the cp4 epsps gene from MON-Ø1445-2.
Cotton 3006-210-23 x
281-24-236 x MON88913 (DAS-21Ø23-5 x DAS-24236-5 x MON-88913-8)
Widestrike x Roundup Ready Flex™ Cotton
The stacked trait GM cotton is a product of traditional breeding involving
GM cotton WideStrike™ insect resistant cotton (DAS-21Ø23-5 x
DAS-24236-5) x herbicide-tolerant MON-88913-8. WideStrike™
cotton expresses two novel proteins from the two lines: the delta-endotoxins
Cry1F and Cry1Ac, which confer resistance to the lepidopteran pests of cotton
and MON 88913 contains the genes for resistance to herbicide glyphosate through
incorporation of the epsps gene encoding 5-enolpyruvylshikimaete-3-phosphate
synthase (EPSPS). The neomycin phosphotransferase II (npt II) gene
confers resistance to the antibiotic kanamycin.
Cotton 31807/31808
Events 31807 and 31808 have been genetically engineered
to express a nitrilase enzyme isolated from Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp.ozaenae,
which degrades the herbicide bromoxynil, and a CryIA(c) insect control protein
originally derived from Bacillus thuringiensissubsp. kurstaki HD-73
(Bt). The subject cotton lines also express the nptII gene, which codes for the
enzyme neomycin phosphotransferase and has been used as a selectable marker in
the development of the transgenic cotton plants. Expression of the added genes
is controlled in part by noncoding DNA sequences derived from the plant
pathogens Agrobacterium tumefaciens and cauliflower mosaic
virus. TheAgrobacterium transformation method was used to transfer
the added genes into the Coker 130 parental cotton plants.
Cotton 757 (MON-ØØ757-7)
Bollgard™ insect -resistant Cotton
Insect-resistant cotton produced by inserting
the cry1Ac gene fromBacillus thuringiensis subsp.
kurstaki which confers resistance to attack by the European corn borer (ECB).
The neomycin phosphotransferase II (npt II) gene confers resistance
to the antibiotic kanamycin.
Cotton ACS-GH00103-3 x
BCS-GH002-5 (LLCotton 25 x GHB614)
The cross between lines GM lines ACS-GH00103-3 x BCS-GH002-5 results in the
development of a new line that contains genes for resistance against herbicides
containing glufosinate ammonium and glyphosate.
Cotton BCS-GHØØ2-5
(GHB614)
Cotton line GHB614 has been genetically modified (GM)
for tolerance to glyphosate herbicides by expression in the plant of a modifiedepsps gene
from corn (Z. mays), 2mepsps, which introduces two amino
acid changes in the enzyme. The amino acid changes in the 2mEPSPS protein
significantly lower the sensitivity to glyphosate, allowing the enzyme to
continue to function in the presence of the herbicide
Cotton BNLA-601
The GM cotton line contains cry1Ac gene
contained in the publicly-bred cotton variety named Bikaneru
Nerma (BN). It was approved for commercial release in the North,
Central and South cotton growing areas in India during the Kharif,
2008. This is the first indigenous Bt cotton event developed by the Central
Institute of cotton Research (CICR) and the University of Agricultural
Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka. The approval of this Bt cotton helped the farmers
in varietal growing areas which were previously disadvantaged because they were
unable to benefit from the insect resistant Bt cotton hybrids cultivated widely
across all three cotton growing areas
Cotton BXN BXN™
Cotton
Cotton tolerant to oxynil herbicides, through
introduction of the bxngene isolated from the bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae subspeciesozaenae which
codes for the enzyme nitrilase, which hydrolyses ioxynil and bromoxynil into
non-toxic compounds. The aphII gene was isolated from the
bacterium Eschericia coli confers tolerance to the
antibiotic kanamycin (used as a selectable marker).
Cotton COT 102 x COT 67B
The cotton line COT102 x COT67B was developed to resist attack by
lepidopteran insects pests such as cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa zea),
tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens), pink bollworm (Pectinophora
gossypiella), fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), beet armyworm (Spodoptera
exigua), soybean looper (Pseudoplusia includens), cabbage looper (Trichoplusia
ni), and cotton leaf perforator (Bucculatrix thurberiella). The line
contains the vegetative insecticidal protein VIP3A, which is a product of a
gene originally derived from Bacillus thuringiensis strain
AB88 and the insecticidal Cry protein Cry1Ab, encoded by the
full-length cry1Ab gene derived from Bacillus
thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki HD-1.
Cotton COT102 (SYN-IR1Ø2-7)
The cotton line COT102 was genetically engineered to
resist attack from lepidopteran insect pests such as the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa
zea), tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens), pink bollworm (Pectinophora
gossypiella), fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), beet armyworm (Spodoptera
exigua), soybean looper (Pseudoplusia includens), and cabbage looper
(Trichoplusia ni), and cotton leaf perforator (Bucculatrix
thurberiella). This resistance trait is conferred by thevip3A(a)gene,
isolated from the common soil bacteriumBacillus thuringiensis(Bt) strain
AB88. Thevip3A(a)gene produces the insect control protein VIP3A in the
plant tissues
Cotton COT102 x COT67B x
MON88913
A stacked trait GM cotton that is obtained through the
traditional crossing of COT102 x COT67B x MON88913, thus, with resistance
to lepidopteran pests through introduction of the vip3A(a) gene andcry1Ab gene which
codes for two different insecticidal protein, plus theepsps gene
encoding 5-enolpyruvylshikimaete-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) for glyphosate resistance.
Cotton COT67B (SYN-IR67B-1)
Genetically modified COT67B cotton has been developed
for protection against feeding damage caused by larvae of a number of insect
pest species, including Helicoverpa zea, cotton bollworm, andHeliothis
virescens, tobacco budworm. Protection against these pests is achieved
through expression in the plant of an insecticidal Cry protein, Cry1Ab, encoded
by the full-lengthcry1Abgene derived fromBacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstakiHD-1.
Cotton Cry1A + CpT1 sGK321
Transgenic cotton variety carrying cry1A +
cpTI genes for resistance against lepidopteran pests
Cotton Dicamba and
Glufosinate
The genetically modified cotton with herbicide resistance to both
dicamba and glufosinate is a cross between a GM cotton event with the gene
for dicamba o-demethylase crossed with a GM cotton containing the bar gene.
Dicamba is pre-emergent and post emergent herbicide for the control of annual
and perennial broadleaf weeds and several grassy weeds in corn, sorghum, small
grains, pasture, hay, rangeland, sugarcane, asparagus, turf and grass seed
crops. Glufosinate ammonium (3-amino-3-carboxypropyl methyl phosphinate) is a
non-selective post emergence, systemic herbicide for the control of a broad
spectrum of grasses and broadleaf weed species. It is known worldwide by
various names such as Basta, Buster, Conquest, Ignite and Finale. Glufosinate
controls both annual and perennial weeds. Glufosinate inhibits the synthesis of
glutamine synthetase which is required for the fixation of ammonia in plant
cells.
The introduction of GM cotton seed containing the two herbicide resistance
genes is for the production of seeds that will be used in the breeding program.
Cotton Event-1
Event-1 is a transgenic cotton line transformed with a
modified cry1Acgene that encodes insecticidal crystalline Cry1Ac
delta-endotoxin protein, derived from the soil bacterium Bacillus
thuringiensis subsp.kurstaki strain HD73. The
introduced cry1Ac gene confers resistance toHelicoverpa
armigera (American Bollworm), Pectinophora gossypiella (Pink
Bollworm) and Earis vittella (Spotted Bollworm).
Cotton GEM1
The line was developed to resist lepidopteran
insects.
Cotton GFM
Developer: Nath Seeds
Cotton GHB 119 x T304-40 Twinlink
GM cotton GHB 119 x T304-40 was developed through traditional plant
breeding of Bayer CropScience's Cry 1Ab Cotton Event T304-40 and BCS
Cry2Ae Cotton Event GHB119 against lepidopteran pests. Line T304-40 also
contains herbicide tolerance as conferred by expression of phosphinothricin
acetyltransferase (PAT) gene from Streptomyces hygroscopicus.
Cotton GHB119
The new genetically modified (GM) cotton line GHB119,
has been developed to be protected against feeding damage by
Lepidopteran insect larvae, and which is also tolerant to herbicides containing
glufosinate ammonium. Insect protection is conferred by expression of a
modified Cry2Ae protein from Bacillus thuringiensis and
herbicide tolerance is conferred by expression of phosphinothricin
acetyltransferase (PAT) from Streptomyces hygroscopicus. The line
GM cotton line was developed through Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated
transformation.
Cotton GHB614 x LL Cotton 25
Trait: Insect Resistance and
Herbicide Tolerance (IR + HT)
Transformation Method: Traditional
plant breeding and selection
Cotton GHB614 x LL Cotton 25
x MON 15985 (BCS-GHØØ2-5×ACS-GHØØ1-3×MON-15985-7)
Stacked trait cotton tolerant to glyphosate herbicide
and glufosinate herbicide and resistant to Lepidoptera (2mepsps,
modified bar, modified cry1Ac, modified cry2Ab, Gossypium
hirsutum L.) (GHB614×LLCotton25×15985, OECD UI:
BCS-GHØØ2-5×ACS-GHØØ1-3×MON-15985-7),
achieved through conventional breeding and selection
Cotton GK12
The line contains the fusion gene of cry1Ab and cry1Ac for
insect resistance
Cotton LLCotton25 (ACS-GHØØ1-3)
Cotton tolerant to glufosinate ammonium herbicide
produced by inserting a modified phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT)
encoding gene (bar) from the soil bacterium Streptomyces
hygroscopicus.
Cotton LLCotton25 x MON15985 (ACS-GHØØ1-3
x MON-15985-7) Liberty Link™ Bollgard II™ Cotton
A stacked insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant
cotton derived from conventional cross-breeding of ACS-GHØØ1-3
with MON-15985-7. Tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium was produced
by inserting a modified phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene
(bar) from Streptomyces hygroscopicus, and resistance
to lepidoptera insects is conferred from the cry1Ac gene and
thecry2Ab gene from Bacillus thuringiensis.
Cotton MLS-9124
No information available
Cotton MON1445 (MON-Ø1445-2,
MON1445/1698, 1445, CP4 EPSPS/NPT 11) Roundup Ready™ Cotton
Cotton tolerant to the herbicide glyphosate through
incorporation of the epsps gene encoding 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate
synthase (EPSPS), that confers tolerance to the herbicide glyphosate. The
neomycin phosphotransferase II (npt II) gene confers resistance to
the antibiotic kanamycin.
Cotton MON15985 (MON-15985-7)
Bollgard II™ Cotton
Insect-resistant cotton derived by transformation of
the DP50B parent variety, which contained LMO event 531 (the cry1Ac gene),
with purified plasmid DNA containing the cry2Ab gene
from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. The
lines also contain the selectable marker genes and neomycin phosphotransferase
II (npt II) conferring resistance to the antibiotics streptomycin and
kanamycin, and the uidAgene to produce the color marking GUS enzyme
Cotton MON15985 x MON1445 (MON-15985-7
x MON-Ø1445-2) Roundup Ready™ Bollgard II™ Cotton
Insect resistant and herbicide tolerant cotton with
stacked events derived by crossing MON-15985-7 and MON-Ø1445-2,
including thecry1Ac gene and the cry2Ab gene
from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.kurstaki conferring
resistance to lepidopteran pests, and the epsps gene encoding
5-enolpyruvylshikimaete-3-phosphate synthase that conferred tolerance to the
herbicide glyphosate.
Cotton MON531 (MON-ØØ531-6)
Bollgard ™ insect protected cotton
Cotton line MON531 was genetically engineered to
resist cotton bollworm, tobacco budworm and pink bollworm by producing its own
insecticide. This line was developed by introducing the cry1Ac gene,
isolated from the common soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis
into a cotton line by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.
The cry1Ac gene produces the insect control protein Cry1Ac, a
delta-endotoxin that act by selectively binding to specific sites localized on
the lining of the midgut of susceptible insect species.
Cotton MON531 X MON1445 (MON-ØØ531-6
x MON-Ø1445-2) Roundup Ready™ Bollgard™ Cotton
A stacked insect-resistant and glyphosate-tolerant
cotton derived from conventional cross-breeding of MON-ØØ531-6
and MON-Ø1445-2. Tolerance to the herbicide glyphosate produced
through incorporation of the epsps gene encoding 5-enolpyruvylshikimaete-3-phosphate
synthase (epsps), that confers tolerance to the herbicide glyphosate and
resistance to lepidopteran insects from the cry1Ac gene fromBacillus
thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. The neomycin
phosphotransferase II (npt II) gene confers resistance to the
antibiotic kanamycin.
Cotton MON531/757/1076 (MON-ØØ531-6,
MON-ØØ757-7)
Cotton lines MON531, MON757, and MON1076 were genetically
engineered to resist cotton bollworm, tobacco budworm and pink bollworm by
producing their own insecticide. These lines were developed by introducing
the cry1Ac gene, isolated from the common soil bacterium Bacillus
thuringiensis (Bt), into a cotton line byAgrobacterium-mediated
transformation. The cry1Ac gene produces the insect control
protein Cry1Ac, a delta-endotoxin. The neomycin phosphotransferase II (npt II)
gene was introduced as a selectable marker.
Cotton MON88913 (MON-88913-8)
Roundup Ready™ Flex™ Cotton
Cotton tolerant to the herbicide glyphosate through
incorporation of the epsps gene encoding 5-enolpyruvylshikimaete-3-phosphate
synthase (EPSPS). The neomycin phosphotransferase II (npt II) gene
confers resistance to the antibiotic kanamycin.
Cotton MON88913 x MON15985 (MON-88913-8
x MON-15985-7) Roundup Ready™ Flex™ Bollgard II™ Cotton
A stacked insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant cotton
derived by crossing MON-88913-8 with MON-15985-7, lines that contain cry1Acgene
and the cry2Ab gene from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.
kurstaki conferring resistance to lepidopteran pests, and the epsps gene
encoding 5-enolpyruvylshikimaete-3-phosphate synthase that confers tolerance to
the herbicide glyphosate. The neomycin phosphotransferase II (npt II)
gene confers resistance to the antibiotic kanamycin and was used as a
selectable marker.
Cotton Silver Six
GM cotton adapted in Myanmar that contains genes resistant to lepidopteran
pests.
Cotton T304-40
A genetically modified (GM) cotton line, T304-40, has
been developed to be protected against feeding damage by Lepidopteran insect
larvae, and which is also tolerant to herbicides containing glufosinate
ammonium. Insect protection is conferred by expression of a modified Cry1Ab
protein from Bacillus thuringiensis and herbicide tolerance is
conferred by expression of phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) from Streptomyces
hygroscopicus.
Maize, (Zea mays L. ssp. Mays), also known in many English-speaking
countries as corn, is a grass domesticated by indigenous peoples in Mesoamerica
in prehistoric times. Its ability to grow in distinct climates, and its use
were highly valued, thus spreading to the rest of the world. Corn is used
primarily as food and feed and is one of the most popular cereals and staple
food of many people in many countries. It is rich in phosphorus, magnesium,
manganese, zinc, copper, iron and selenium. It also has small amounts of
potassium, Vitamin B (thiamin, Vitamin B6, niacin, riboflavin, folate) and
traces of Vitamin A and Vitamin E. Corn is good for skin care, boosting nervous
system, digestion, and maintaining low cholesterol levels. While some maize
varieties grow up to 7 metres (23 ft) tall, most commercially grown
maize has been bred for a standardized height of 2.5 metres (8.2 ft).
The United States produces almost half of the world's harvest (~42.5%), other
top producing countries includes China, Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, India and
France. Worldwide production was around 800 million tonnes in 2007 - just
slightly more than rice (~650 million tonnes) or wheat (~600 million tonnes).
In 2007, over 150 million hectares of maize were planted worldwide, with a
yield of 4970.9 kilogram/hectare. Many of the maize varieties grown in the
United States and Canada are hybrids. Often the varieties have been genetically
modified to tolerate glyphosate or to provide protection against natural pests.
Maize 59122 (DAS-59122-7)
Herculex® RW Rootworm Protection Maize
Coleopteran-resistant and herbicide-tolerant maize,
with insect resistance conferred by the cry34Ab1 and cry35Ab1 genes
from the common soil bacteriumBacillus thuringiensis and herbicide
tolerance conferred by the pat gene fromStreptomyces
viridochromogenes.
Maize 676, 678, 680 (PH-ØØØ676-7,
PH-ØØØ678-9, PH-ØØØ680-2)
Male-sterile and glufosinate ammonium herbicide
tolerant maize produced by inserting a gene encoding DNA adenine methylase
from Escherichia coli and phosphinothricin acetyltransferase
(PAT) from Streptomyces viridochromogenes, respectively.
Maize ACS-ZMØØ3-2
(T25) x MON-ØØ81Ø-6 (T25 x MON810)
Event T25 x MON810 is a stacked insect-resistant and
herbicide tolerant maize made by conventional crossing of
ACS-ZMØØ3-2 and MON-ØØ81Ø-6. The
insertion of phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (pat) gene from the
aerobic actinomycete Streptomyces viridochromogenes makes the
improved maize line tolerant to the herbicide phosphinothricin (Glufosinate
ammonium). Insect-resistance is conferred by the insertion of a truncated form
of the cry1Ab gene from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD-1
which affords resistance to attack by the European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia
nubilalis.
Maize BT 11 (X4334CBR,
X4734CBR) (SYN-BTØ11-1, BT11) YieldGard™ Maize
Insect-resistant and herbicide tolerant maize produced
by inserting the cry1Abgene from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki to
confer resistance to the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis), and
the phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene from Streptomyces
viridochromogenes to confer tolerance to phosphinothricin (PPT)
herbicide, specifically glufosinate ammonium as a selectable marker.
Maize BT 176 (SYN-EV176-9,
176) NaturGard KnockOut™ Maize
Insect-resistant maize produced by inserting the cry1Ab gene
from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. The genetic
modification affords resistance to attack by the European corn borer
(ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis. The event has been withdrawn from the
market by Syngenta as per decision made by the European Commission on 25 April
2007, document number C(2007) 1804). The published decision can be viewed
at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/oj/2007/l_117/l_11720070505en00140016.pdf
Maize Bt11 x DAS 59122-7 x MIR604
x TC1507 x GA21 (SYN-BTØ11-1×DAS-59122-7×SYN-IR6Ø4-5×DAS-Ø15Ø7-1×MO)
Stacked trait maize resistant to Lepidoptera and
Coleoptera, and tolerant to glufosinate herbicide and glyphosate herbicide
(modified cry1Ab, cry34Ab1,cry35Ab1,
modified cry3Aa2, cry1F, pat, mEPSPS, Zea
mays subsp. mays (L.) Iltis) (Bt11×B.t. Cry34/35Ab1
Event DAS-59122-7×MIR604×B.t. Cry1F maize line
1507×GA21, OECD UI : SYN-BTØ11-1×
DAS-59122-7×SYN-IR6Ø4-5×DAS-Ø15Ø7-1×MON-ØØØ21-9),
achieved through conventional breeding and selection.
Maize BT11 x GA21 (SYN-BTØ11-1,
MON-ØØØ21-9) YieldGard™ Roundup Ready® Maize
A stacked trait GM maize resulting from the
traditional cross of the lepidoteran-resistant and herbicide-tolerant
maize line BT11 and the herbicide-tolerant maize line GA21.
Maize BT11 x MIR 162 x GA21 Agrisure
Viptera 3111
Contains the cry1Ab gene from Bacillus
thuringiensis and pat gene fromStreptomyces
viridochromogenes which confers resistance to corn borer and tolerance
to herbicide respectively, vip3Aa20 gene from Bacillus
thuringiensisresistance to lepidopteran pests and pmi gene
from Escherichia coli encoding the enzyme phosphomannose isomerase
present as a selectable marker and modified epsps gene from
corn which confers tolerance to herbicides
Maize Bt11 x MIR 162 x MIR
604 x TC1507 x GA21 (SYN-BTØ11-1×SYN-IR162-4×SYN-IR6Ø4-5×DAS-Ø15Ø7-1x
M) Agrisure 3122
Stacked trait GM maize resistant to Lepidopteran and Coleopteran
insects, and tolerant to glufosinate and glyphosate herbicides by the presence
of modifiedcry1Ab, modified vip3A, modified cry3Aa2, pat, cry1F and mEPSPS, respectively,
developed through conventional breeding and selection.
Maize Bt11 x MIR 162 x
TC1507 x GA21 (SYN-BTØ11-1×SYN-IR162-4×DAS-Ø15Ø7-1×MON-ØØØ21-9)
Stacked trait maize resistant to Lepidoptera and tolerant to glufosinate
herbicide and glyphosate herbicide (modified cry1Ab, modified vip3A, cry1F, pat, mEPSPS, Zea
mays subsp. mays (L.) Ilt is)
(Bt11×MIR162×B.t.Cry1F maize line1507×GA21, OECD UI:
SYN-BTØ11-1×SYN-IR162-4×DAS-Ø15Ø7-1×MON-ØØØ21-9),
achieved through conventional breeding and selection.
Maize BT11 x MIR162 x MIR 604 x
GA21 (SYN-BTØ11-1×SYN-IR162-4×SYN-IR6Ø4-5×)
Stacked trait GM maize resistant to Lepidopteran and Coleopteran insects,
and tolerant to glufosinate and glyphosate herbicides by the presence
of modifiedcry1Ab, modified vip3A, modified cry3Aa2, pat,
and mEPSPS, respectively.
Maize Bt11 x MIR162 x MIR604 AgrisureTM
3100
BT11 x MIR162 x MIR604 provides insect protection
against European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis), southwestern corn
borer (Diatraea grandiosella), southern cornstalk borer (Diatraea crambidoides),
corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea), fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda),
armyworm (Pseudaletia unipunctata), beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua),
black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon), western bean cutworm (Striacosta
albicosta), sugarcane borer (Diatraea saccharalis), common stalk
borer (Papaipema nebris), western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera
virgifera), northern corn rootworm (Diabrotica barberi), and Mexican
corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera zeae). Tolerance to
glufosinate-ammonium containing herbicides is conferred through expression of
the pat gene derived from BT11.
Maize BT11 x MIR604 (SYN-BTØ11-1,
SYN-IR6Ø4-5)
The stacked hybrid BT11 x MIR604 expresses four novel
proteins: the delta-endotoxin Cry1Ab which confers resistance to the European
Corn Borer and other lepidopterans, the PAT protein which confers tolerance to
the herbicide glufosinate ammonium, the delta-endotoxin mCry3A which confers
resistance to corn rootworm (Diabrotica species), and the PMI
protein which allows growth on mannose as a carbon source and is used as a
selectable marker.
Maize BT11 x MIR604 x GA21 (SYN-BTØ11-1,
SYN-IR6Ø4-5, MON-ØØØ21-9)
This stacked hybrid expresses five novel proteins: the
delta-endotoxin Cry1Ab which confers resistance to the European Corn Borer and other
lepidopterans, the PAT protein which confers tolerance to the herbicide
glufosinate ammonium, the delta-endotoxin mCry3A which confers resistance to
corn rootworm (Diabroticaspecies), the PMI protein which allows growth
on mannose as a carbon source and is used as a selectable marker, and a
modified EPSPS protein which confers tolerance to the herbicide glyphosate. The
insecticidal protein Cry1Ab is produced by the cry1Ab gene and PAT
is produced by the pat gene, both from BT11, the insecticidal
protein mCry3A is produced by the mcry3A gene and PMI is produced
by the pmi gene, both from MIR604. The modified EPSPS protein
is produced by the mepsps gene from GA21. The novel traits of each
parental line have been combined, through traditional plant breeding, to
produce this new hybrid.
Maize CBH-351 (ACS-ZMØØ4-3)
StarLink
This event was genetically engineered by the introduction of the cry9C gene,
isolated from the common soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt),
into a maize line by particle acceleration (biolistic) transformation.
The cry9C gene encodes for the insect control protein Cry9C, a
delta-endotoxin. Cry proteins, of which Cry9C is only one, act by selectively
binding to specific sites localized on the lining of the midgut of susceptible
insect species. Following binding, pores are formed that disrupt midgut ion
flow, causing gut paralysis and eventual death due to bacterial sepsis. Cry9C
is lethal only when ingested by the larvae of lepidopteran insects (moths and
butterflies), and its specificity of action is directly attributable to the
presence of specific binding sites in the target insects. There are no binding
sites for the delta-endotoxins of B. thuringiensis on the
surface of mammalian intestinal cells, therefore, livestock animals and humans
are not susceptible to these proteins.
Maize DAS 59122 x TC1507 x
NK603 (DAS-Ø15Ø7-1 x DAS-59122-7 x
MON-ØØ6Ø3-6) Herculex XTRA™ x NK603
A stacked insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant
maize derived from conventional cross-breeding of DAS-59122-7 x
DAS-Ø15Ø7-1 and MON-ØØ6Ø3-6. Insect
resistance is conferred by the cry34Ab1, cry35Ab1 and cryIF genes
from the common soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis, and
glyphosate herbicide tolerance through the cp4 epsps gene
from Agrobacterium ssp. strain CP4 and glufosinate-ammonium
herbicide tolerance through the pat gene fromStreptomyces
viridochromogenes.
Maize DAS-59122-7 x NK603 (DAS-59122-7
x MON-ØØ6Ø3-6) Herculex® RW Rootworm Protection with
Roundup Read
A stacked lepidopteran insect-resistant and
herbicide-tolerant (glufosinate and glyphosate) maize, through incorporation of
the cryIF gene from Bacillus thuringiensis var.
aizawai, cp4 epsps gene from Agrobacterium ssp.
strain CP4 and the pat gene from Streptomyces
viridochromogenes.
Maize DBT418 (DKB-89614-9)
Bt Xtra™ Insect-resistant Maize
Insect-resistant and glufosinate ammonium herbicide
tolerant maize developed by inserting the cry1Ac gene
from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and the
phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (bar) gene from Streptomyces
hygroscopicus.
Maize DLL25 (B16) (DKB-8979Ø-5)
Glufosinate-tolerant Maize
Glufosinate ammonium herbicide tolerant maize produced
by inserting the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (bar) gene
from Streptomyces hygroscopicus to confer tolerance to the
herbicide phosphinothricin (Glufosinate ammonium).
Maize DP32138-1/2
DP-32138-1 is a genetically engineered maize line used
to produce male sterile/female inbred plants for the generation of hybrid corn
seed that is non-transgenic (known as “Seed Production Technology”, Pioneer, 2009).
DP-32138-1 corn was produced by transformation using disarmed Agrobacterium
tumefaciens. Immature embryos of Hi-II (ms45/ms45) were
infected with Agrobacterium strain LBA4404 containing plasmid
PHP24597. Plants containing the introduced DNA were selected based on the
production of a red color marker and then screened for male fertility.
Source:http://www.aphis.usda.gov/brs/aphisdocs/08_33801p_fpra.pdf
Maize Event 3272 (SYN-E3272-5)
Maize containing thermostable alpha-amylase (for
optimised bioethanol production) through introduction of the amy797E gene from Thermococcales
(thermostable bacterium), encoding a thermostable alpha-amylase.
This enzyme splits starch into smaller sugar subunits (saccharification).
Splitting starch into sugar is the first step in producing bioethanol from
plants. Plants like maize naturally contain their own amylases. They get
destroyed, however, when maize is subjected to high temperatures for ethanol
production. Typically, supplemental amylase preparations must be added. Heat
stable amalyse expressed in 3273 makes this step unnecessary. The pmi gene
expresses the PMI protein, which allows the transformed plants to use mannose
as an energy source and is used as a selectable marker.
Maize Event 3272 x BT11 x
MIR 604 x GA21 (Agrisure Viptera 3110)
Expresses a synthetic thermostable alpha amylase
gene, amy797E that catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch
into soluble sugars; contains the cry1Abgene from Bacillus thuringiensis and pat gene
from Streptomyces viridochromogeneswhich confers resistance to corn
borer and tolerance to herbicide respectively,vip3Aa20 gene from Bacillus
thuringiensis resistance to lepidopteran pests andpmi gene
from Escherichia coli encoding the enzyme phosphomannose
isomerase present as a selectable marker and modified epsps gene
from corn which confers tolerance to herbicides.
Maize Event 98140 (DP-Ø9814Ø-6)
Optimum™ GAT™
The dual herbicide tolerant maize line 98140 has been
genetically modified to express the GAT4621 and ZM-HRA proteins. The GAT4621
protein is a glyphosate acetyltransferase (GAT), encoded by an optimized form
of the gatgene from Bacillus licheniformis. When
cultivated, expression of the GAT4621 protein in 98140 maize confers tolerance
to the herbicide glyphosate. The ZM-HRA protein is an acetolactate synthase
(ALS) encoded by the zm-hra gene, an optimized form of the endogenous als gene
from Zea mays. When cultivated, expression of the ZM-HRA protein in
98140 maize confers tolerance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides, such as chlorimuron
and thifensulfuron.
Maize GA21 (Mon
OOO21-9) Roundup Ready®
Glyphosate tolerant maize created through introduction
of a modified gene encoding 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate synthase
(EPSPS), an enzyme involved in the shikimate biochemical pathway for the
production of the aromatic amino acids. The bla gene confers
tolerance to the antibiotic ampicillin and was used as a selectable
marker.
Maize GA21 x MON810 (MON-ØØØ21-9
x MON-ØØ81Ø-6) Roundup Ready™ YieldGard™ Maize
A stacked insect-resistant and glyphosate-tolerant cotton derived from
conventional cross-breeding of MON-ØØØ21-9 and
MON-ØØ81Ø-6. Tolerance to the herbicide glyphosate
produced through incorporation of the epsps gene encoding
5-enolpyruvylshikimaete-3-phosphate synthase (epsps), that confers tolerance to
the herbicide glyphosate and resistance to lepidopteran insects from the cry1Ab
gene from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki.
*EU approval expired 18 April 2007, no renewal
application; authorization no longer valid.
Maize High Phytase
A Biosafety Certificate was issued for the high phytase corn in China. No
information available yet on the genes, event, and modification method.
Maize LY038 (REN-ØØØ38-3)
Mavera™ High Value Corn with Lysine
The transgenic maize line LY038 was genetically
engineered to increase the level of the amino acid lysine in the grain for
animal feed, primarily for poultry and swine. Poultry and swine diets based on
maize grain are usually supplemented with lysine. The use of LY038 as a feed
ingredient is expected to reduce or eliminate the need for lysine supplementation.
The maize line LY038 contains the cordapA gene from Corynebacterium
glutamicum , which was introduced using micro-projectile bombardment
of maize callus cells
Maize LY038 x MON810 (REN-ØØØ38-3
x MON-ØØ81Ø-6) Mavera TM High Value Corn with Lysine x
YieldGard®
A stacked insect-resistant and increased-lysine maize
derived from conventional cross-breeding of REN-ØØØ38-3
and MON-ØØ81Ø-6. An increase in content of the amino acid
lysine is produced through incorporation of the cordapA gene
and resistance to lepidopteran insects from the cry1Ab gene
from Bacillus thuringiensissubsp. kurstaki. The nptII gene
insert was removed using the Cre/Lox system following genetic transformation
and selection
Maize MIR 604 (SYN-IR6Ø4-5)
Agrisure RW Rootworm-Protected Corn
Maize resistant to corn root worms (western corn
rootworm: Diabrotica vigifera vigifera, northern corn
rootworm: D. berberi, and Mexican corn rootworm: D.
vigifera zeae) through introduction of the mcry3A gene
from Bacillus thuringiensissubsp. tenebrionis
(regulated by a promoter derived from the metallothionein-like gene from Zea
mays) and pmi gene from Escherichia coli (regulated
by theZmUbiInt (Zea mays polyubiquitin gene promoter
and first intron). The pmi gene encodes the enzyme
phosphomannose isomerase (PMI) that allows the plants to utilise mannose as a
carbon source and is used as a selectable marker.
Maize MIR 604 x GA21 (SYN-IR6Ø4-5
x MON-ØØØ21-9) Agrisure® GT/RW corn
This GM maize is a hybrid resulting from the
hybridisation of the maize line MIR604-5 and GA21. The hybrid expresses a
novel Bt-toxin (Cry3A) which confers resistance to several
species of colepteran. The EPSPS protein leads to increased tolerance to
glyphosate-containing herbicides (Roundup). The pmi-gene is acting
as a selectable marker. MIR604 was transformed withAgrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated
gene transfer. GA21 was transformed with microparticle bombardment.
Maize MIR162 (SYN-IR162-4)
Viptera 3
Transformation event MIR162 maize has been developed to
contain Vip3Aa protein from Bacillus thuringiensis that is
highly toxic to H. zea, S. frugiperda, A.
ipsilon, and S. albicosta larvae. In combination with
an O. nubilalis-protected maize trait, the Vip3Aa protein in MIR162
can provide growers the means of protecting their maize crops from damage
caused by a broad range of lepidopteran pests
Maize MON 87460
MON 87460 was developed through Agrobacterium-mediated
transformation of conventional maize variety embryos and expresses cold shock
protein B (CspB) from Bacillus subtilis (Kingdom: Bacteria,
Phylum: Firmicutes, Class: Bacilli) and NptII from Tn5 of Escherichia
coli. MON 87460 was developed to provide reduced yield loss under
water-limited conditions compared to conventional maize. The scope of the
current application is for import, processing and all uses of MON 87460 for
food and feed. The range of uses of this maize for food and feed will be
identical to the full range of equivalent uses of conventional maize.
Maize MON 89034 x DAS1507-1 x DAS
59122-7
This maize line expresses two Bt-toxins encoded by the
genes cry1A.105 andcry2Ab2 from Bacillus
thuringiensis in MON 89034 against certain lepidopteran pests such as
fall armyworm (Spodoptera sp.), black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon),
european corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) and the corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea);
the cry1F gene in DAS 1507-1 against certain lepidopteran
pests; the cry34Ab1and cry35Ab1 genes in DAS 59122
against coleopteran pests; and the phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase
encoding gene (PAT) from Streptomyces viridochromogenes which
confers tolerance to application of glufosinate-ammonium herbicide.
Maize MON 89034 x NK603 Genuity VT
Double PRO
The stacked hybrid MON89034 X NK603 expresses two
novel insecticidal proteins and a protein providing tolerance to the herbicide
glyphosate. Production of this maize is for human
consumption (wet mill or dry mill or seed oil), and meal and silage for
livestock feed. These materials will not be grown outside the normal production
area for corn.
Maize MON80100
The transgenic maize line MON80100 was genetically engineered to resist
European corn borer (ECB) by producing its own insecticide. This line was developed
by introducing the cry1Ab gene, isolated from the common soil
bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), into the maize
line (Hi-II x FRB73) by particle acceleration (biolistic) transformation.
The cry1Ab gene produces the insect control protein Cry1Ab, a
delta-endotoxin
Maize MON802 (MON-8Ø2ØØ-7)
YieldGard™ Maize
Insect-resistant and glyphosate herbicide tolerant
maize produced by inserting the cry1Ab gene encoding the
Cry1Ab protein from Bacillus thuringiensis, the
5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) from A.
tumefaciens strain CP4 and the goxv247 gene isolated
from the bacterium Ochrobactrum anthropi that codes for a modified
version of the enzyme glyphosate oxidase. The neomycin phosphotransferase II (npt II)
gene confers resistance to the antibiotic kanamycin.
Maize MON809 (PH-MON8Ø9-2)
Maize resistant to European corn borer (Ostrinia
nubilalis) through introduction of a synthetic cry1Ab gene.
Also tolerant to the glyphosate herbicide via introduction of the bacterial
version of the epsps gene encoding a plant enzyme,
5-enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) and glyphosate
oxidoreductase (gox).
Maize MON810 (MON-ØØ81Ø-6)
Yieldgard®
Insect-resistant maize produced by inserting a
truncated form of the cry1Abgene from Bacillus
thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD-1. The genetic modification affords
resistance to attack by the European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia
nubilalis.
Maize MON810 x MON88017 (MON-88Ø17-3,
MON-ØØ81Ø-6) YieldGard VT Triple
A stacked insect-resistant maize derived from
conventional cross-breeding of MON-88Ø17-3 and
MON-ØØ81Ø-6. Resistance to insect attack is conferred
through expression of a truncated form of the cry1Ab gene
and cry3Bb1 gene from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD-1
and tolerance to glyphosate-herbicides is produced through introduction of the
epsps gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens
which confers tolerance to the herbicide Roundup (with the active ingredient
glyphosate).
Maize MON832
The MON832 line of maize was developed to allow the
use of glyphosate, the active ingredient in the herbicide Roundup®, as a weed
control option. In order to obtain field tolerance to glyphosate herbicide, two
novel genes, EPSPS andgoxv247, were introduced maize by particle
acceleration (biolistic) transformation. The corn event has been withdrawn from
environmental release and feed use by the proponent
Maize MON863 (MON-ØØ863-5)
YieldGard™ Rootworm™ Maize
Maize line MON 863 was produced using recombinant-DNA
techniques to express the cry3Bb1 gene encoding a
Coleopteran-specific insecticidal protein fromBacillus thuringiensis (subsp. kumamotoensis)
in order to control infestation with corn root worm (CRW; Diabrotica sp.).
This gene was introduced into the publicly available inbred line, A634, by
particle acceleration (biolistic) transformation
Maize MON863 x MON810 (MON-ØØ863-5
x MON-ØØ81Ø-6) YieldGard™ Rootworm™ Maize
Stacked insect resistant corn hybrid derived from
conventional cross-breeding of MON-ØØ863-5 and
MON-ØØ81Ø-6. The maize incorporates a truncated form of
the cry1Ab gene from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.
kurstaki HD-1 which affords resistance to attack by the European corn borer
(ECB), and the cry3Bb1 gene from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kumamotoensis which
provides resistance to corn root worm. The nptII gene confers
tolerance to the antibiotic kanamycin.
Maize MON863 x MON810 x
NK603 (MON-ØØ863-5 x MON-ØØ81Ø-6 x
MON-ØØ6Ø3-6) Roundup Ready™ YieldGard™ Maize
Stacked insect resistant and herbicide tolerant corn
hybrid derived from conventional cross-breeding of the stacked hybrid
MON-ØØ863-5 x MON-ØØ81Ø-6 and MON-ØØ6Ø3-6.
Maize incorporates a truncated form of thecry1Ab gene from Bacillus
thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD-1 which affords
resistance to attack by the European corn borer (ECB), and the cry3Bb1 gene
from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kumamotoensis which
provides resistance to corn root worm. Also contains a epsps gene
from Agrobacterium tumefaciens which produces 5-enolpyruvyl
shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), an enzyme involved in the shikimate
biochemical pathway for the production of the aromatic amino acids which
provides tolerance to glyphosate herbicide.
Maize MON863 x NK603 (MON-ØØ863-5
x MON-ØØ6Ø3-6) Roundup Ready™ YieldGard™ Maize
A stacked insect-resistant and glyphosate-tolerant
corn derived from conventional cross-breeding of MON-ØØ863-5 and
MON-ØØ6Ø3-6. Tolerance to the herbicide glyphosate
produced through incorporation of the epsps gene encoding
5-enolpyruvylshikimaete-3-phosphate synthase (epsps), that confers
tolerance to the herbicide glyphosate and resistance to coleopteran insects
from the cry3Bb1 gene from Bacillus thuringiensis.
Maize MON88017 (MON-88Ø17-3)
Maize with resistance to corn rootworm and tolerance
to glyphosate-herbicides through introduction of the cry3Bb1 gene
from Bacillus thuringiensis which confers tolerance to
coleopteran pests, and the epsps gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens which
confers tolerance to the herbicide Roundup (active ingredient is
glyphosate).
Maize MON89034 (MON-89Ø34-3)
Maize line MON89034 expresses two Bt-toxins
encoded by the genes cry1A.105and cry2Ab2 from
Bacillus thuringiensis that confer resistance against certain
lepidopteran pests such as fall armyworm (Spodoptera sp.), black
cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon), european corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis)
and the corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea).
Maize MON89034 x MON88017 (MON-89Ø34-3
x MON-88Ø17-3) Genuity TM VT Triple PRO TM
The stacked F1 hybrid maize is a result of the the
hybridization of maize inbred MON89034 (MON-89Ø34-3) with MON88017
(MON-88Ø17-3) that has resistance to coleopteran and lepidopteran pests,
and glyphosate herbicide tolerance.
Maize MON89034 x TC1507 x MON88017
x DAS-59122-7 (MON-89Ø34-3 x DAS- Ø15Ø7-1 x
MON-88Ø17-3 x DAS-591) SMARTSTAX TM
Stacked insect resistant and herbicide tolerant maize
produced by conventional cross breeding of parental lines: MON89034, TC1507,
MON88017, and DAS-59122. Resistance to the above-ground and below-ground insect
pests and tolerance to glyphosate and glufosinate-ammonium containing
herbicides.
Maize MON89034 x TC1507 x
NK603
A stacked trait GM cotton from traditional breeding of
MON89034 x TC1507 x NK603. MON89034 expresses two Bt-toxins encoded
by the genes cry1A.105 andcry2Ab2 from
Bacillus thuringiensis that confer resistance against certain
lepidopteran pests such as fall armyworm (Spodoptera sp.), black
cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon), european corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis)
and the corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea). TC 1507 contains
Insect-resistance from the cry1F gene isolated from Bacillus
thuringiensis var. aizawai which confers resistance
to European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) and Sesamia spp,
and contains the genes for tolerance to glufosinate-ammonium herbicide,
phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase encoding gene (PAT) from Streptomyces
viridochromogenes. NK603 contains herbicide tolerance to
glyphosate, through the modified (epsps) gene encoding 5-enolpyruvyl
shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), an enzyme involved in the shikimate
biochemical pathway for the production of aromatic amino acids.
Maize MS3 (ACS-ZMØØ1-9)
Male sterility in maize caused by expression of the
barnase ribonuclease gene from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and
phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (bar) gene conferring tolerance to
the herbicide glufosinate.
Maize MS6 (ACS-ZMØØ5-4)
InVigor™ Maize
Maize male-sterility system displaying glufosinate
herbicide tolerance. Contains the barnase gene from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and
the bar gene encoding phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase
from Streptomyces hygroscopicus.
Maize NK603 (MON-ØØ6Ø3-6)
Maize tolerant to the herbicide glyphosate, produced
through introduction of a modified (epsps) gene encoding 5-enolpyruvyl
shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), an enzyme involved in the shikimate
biochemical pathway for the production of the aromatic amino acids.
Maize NK603 x Cry9C
The stacked maize event is herbicide glyphosate tolerance and insect
resistant. Herbicide tolerance is conferred by NK603 which
has a modified (epsps) gene encoding 5-enolpyruvyl
shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), an enzyme involved in the shikimate
biochemical pathway for the production of the aromatic amino acids. The Cry9C
protein (cry9C) gene from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) confers
resistance against lepidopteran insects (moths and butterflies)
Maize NK603 x MON810 (MON-ØØ6Ø3-6,
MON-ØØ81Ø-6)
A stacked insect-resistant and glyphosate-tolerant
corn derived from conventional cross-breeding of
MON-ØØ6Ø3-6 and MON-ØØ81Ø-6.
Tolerance to the herbicide glyphosate produced through incorporation of the
epsps gene encoding 5-enolpyruvylshikimaete-3-phosphate synthase (epsps),
that confers tolerance to the herbicide glyphosate and resistance to
lepidopteran insects from the cry1Ab gene from Bacillus
thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki.
Maize NK603 x T 25 (MON 00603-6
x ACS-ZM003-2)
NK603 X T25 (OECD identifier:
MON-ØØ6Ø3-6 x ACS-ZMØØ3-2) maize is an F1
hybrid resulting from the traditional hybridization of the glyphosate
herbicide-tolerant maize inbred NK603 (MON-ØØ6Ø3-6) with the
glufosinate ammonium herbicide-tolerant maize inbred T25
(ACS-ZMØØ3-2).
Maize T14 (ACS-ZMØØ2-1)
Liberty Link™ Maize
Maize with tolerance to the herbicide phosphinothricin (Glufosinate
ammonium) conferred through insertion of the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase
(pat) gene from the aerobic actinomycete Streptomyces
viridochromogenes.
*Argentina repealed authorization for marketing.
Maize T25 (ACS-ZMØØ3-2)
Liberty Link™ Maize
Maize with tolerance to the herbicide phosphinothricin
(Glufosinate ammonium) conferred through insertion of the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase
(pat) gene from the aerobic actinomycete Streptomyces
viridochromogenes.
Maize TC 1507 x 59122 x
MON810 x NK603
The stacked trait GM maize is a product of traditional breeding with GM
lines TC1507 x DAS 59122 x MON 810 x NK603. TC 1507 contains the cry1Fgene for insect-resistance
and phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase encoding gene (PAT) for
tolerance to glufosinate ammonium herbicide. DAS 59122 contains the PAT gene
and can resist coleopteran-pests due to the presence of cry34Ab1 and
cry35Ab1 genes. MON 810 contains cry1Ab for
resistance to the European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis.
NK 603 has tolerance to the herbicide glyphosate, produced through introduction
of a modified (epsps) gene encoding 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate
synthase (EPSPS), an enzyme involved in the shikimate biochemical pathway for
the production of the aromatic amino acids.
Maize TC1507 (DAS-Ø15Ø7-1,
DAS1507 (TC 1507)) Herculex® I
Insect-resistant and glufosinate ammonium herbicide
tolerant maize produced by inserting the cry1F gene from Bacillus
thuringiensis var. aizawai which confers resistance
against certain lepidopteran pests, such as the European corn borer (Ostrinia
nubilalis) and Sesamia spp, and the phosphinothricin
N-acetyltransferase encoding gene (PAT) from Streptomyces
viridochromogenes which confers tolerance to application of
glufosinate-ammonium herbicide.
Maize TC1507 x DAS 59122-7 (DAS-Ø15Ø7-1,
DAS-59122-7) Herculex® XTRA
A stacked insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant
maize derived from conventional cross-breeding of DAS-Ø15Ø7-1
with DAS-59122-7. Insect resistance is conferred by the cryIF, cry34Ab1 and cry35Ab1 genes
from the common soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis, and
glufosinate herbicide tolerance through the pat gene from Streptomyces
viridochromogenes.
Maize TC1507 x DAS-59122 x NK603 (DAS-Ø15Ø7-1
x DAS-59122-7 x MON-ØØ6Ø3-6)
A stacked insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant
maize derived from conventional cross-breeding of DAS-59122-7 x
DAS-Ø15Ø7-1 and MON-ØØ6Ø3-6. Insect
resistance is conferred by the cry34Ab1, cry35Ab1 and cryIF genes
from the common soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis,
and glyphosate herbicide tolerance through the cp4 epsps gene
from Agrobacterium ssp. strain CP4 and glufosinate-ammonium
herbicide tolerance through the pat gene from Streptomyces
viridochromogenes.
Maize TC1507 x MON 810
A stacked trait maize made from the cross of TC1507 x MON 810. The hybrid contains
traits from TC1507 for insect-resistance and glufosinate ammonium
herbicide tolerant maize produced by inserting the cry1F gene
from Bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai which
confers resistance against certain lepidopteran pests and the phosphinothricin
N-acetyltransferase encoding gene (PAT) fromStreptomyces
viridochromogenes which confers tolerance to application of
glufosinate-ammonium herbicide. MON 810 is an insect-resistant maize
produced by inserting a truncated form of the cry1Ab gene from Bacillus
thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD-1. The genetic modification affords
resistance to attack by the European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia
nubilalis.
Maize TC1507 x MON810 x
NK603 (DAS-01507-1 × MON-00810-6 × MON-00603-6)
The stacked trait GM maize is a product of traditional breeding with GM
lines TC1507 x MON 810 x NK603. TC 1507 contains the cry1F gene for insect-resistance
and phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase encoding gene (PAT) for
tolerance to glufosinate ammonium herbicide. MON 810 contains cry1Ab for
resistance to the European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis.
NK 603 has tolerance to the herbicide glyphosate, produced through introduction
of a modified (epsps) gene encoding 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate
synthase (EPSPS), an enzyme involved in the shikimate biochemical pathway for
the production of the aromatic amino acids.
Maize TC1507 x NK603 (DAS-Ø15Ø7-1
X MON-ØØ6Ø3-6) Herculex® I Insect Protection with Roundup
Ready®
A stacked lepidopteran insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant
(glufosinate and glyphosate) maize, through incorporation of the cryIF gene
from Bacillus thuringensis var. aizawai, cp4 epsps
gene from Agrobacterium ssp. strain CP4 and the pat gene
from Streptomyces viridochromogenes.
Maize TC6275 (DAS-Ø6275-8)
Insect-resistant and glufosinate ammonium herbicide
tolerant maize produced by inserting the cry1F gene from Bacillus
thuringiensis var. aizawai which confers resistance against certain
lepidopteran pests, such as the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis)
and Sesamia spp, and the phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase
encoding gene (PAT) bar gene from Streptomyces hygroscopicus which
confers tolerance to application of glufosinate-ammonium herbicide.
Alfalfa, (Medicago sativa) is one of the most
important legumes used in agriculture. It is widely grown throughout the world as
forage for cattle - hay, silage, grazed, or fed as greenchop. Alfalfa has the
highest feeding value of all common hay crops being high in protein, calcium,
vitamins in the B group, vitamin C, vitamin E, and vitamin K. It is also a rich
source of fiber, consumed as leaf vegetable and available as dehydrated leaf
for dietary supplements in tablet, powder and tea forms. Alfalfa is the most
cultivated legume in the world with the US as the lead producer, but
considerable area is found in Argentina (primarily grazed), Australia, South
Africa, and the Middle East. Alfalfa has a wide range of adaptation and can be
grown from very cold northern plains to high mountain valleys, from rich
temperate agricultural regions to Mediterranean climates and searing hot deserts.
Alfalfa J101 (MON-ØØ1Ø1-8
)
Transgenic alfalfa line containing the epsps
gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain CP4 which induces
tolerance to glyphosate herbicides.
Alfalfa J101 x J163 (MON-ØØ1Ø1-8,
MON-ØØ163-7)
A stacked herbicide-tolerant alfalfa derived from
conventional cross-breeding of MON-ØØ163-7 and
MON-ØØ1Ø1-8. Tolerance to glyphosate is provided through
introduction of the epsps gene from Agrobacterium
tumefaciens strain CP4 in both parents.
Alfalfa J163
(MON-ØØ163-7)
Alfalfa with tolerance to glyphosate through
introduction of the epsps gene
from Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain CP4.
links:
GM Approval Database –
URL: http://www.isaaa.org/gmapprovaldatabase/default.asp.
Генетическая
безопасность – URL: http://afonin-59-bio.narod.ru/gensecurity/gensecurity.htm
Трансгенная
соя – URL: http://afonin-59-bio.narod.ru/gensecurity/gm_soybean.htm
Общая и
теоретическая биология – URL: http://afonin-59-bio.narod.ru
editor: A. Afonin, Dr. Agr.
e-mail:
afonin.salix@gmail.com
23.07.2012
